Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy study of cheese treated with accelerated electrons.

The generation, accumulation and decay of free radicals in six varieties of cheese, irradiated (0-4 kGy) in an electron accelerator, have been studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Remarkably, the ESR spectra of all untreated cheeses showed only one singlet signal with a g-factor of 2.0064 ±â€¯0.0005. Surprisingly, the ESR spectra of irradiated samples presented a new signal with g-factor of 2.0037 ±â€¯0.0003 which was independent of the type of cheese, and which might be due to free radicals from the radiolysis of proteins. Surface regression models (P < 0.0001) established the relationship among signal intensity, absorbed dose (0, 1, 2 and 4 kGy) and storage time (0-180 days) for the different types of cheese. Results suggested that the analysis by ESR (or electron paramagnetic resonance, EPR) is suitable to evaluate, either qualitatively or quantitatively, the irradiation treatment of different types of cheese.

1H HR-MAS NMR-based metabolomics analysis for dry-fermented sausage characterization.

Proton high-resolution magic angle spinning (1H HR-MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to characterize dry-fermented sausages salchichón type throughout the manufacturing process. 1H HR-MAS NMR metabolite profiling was achieved from a small sample of intact sausage after 0, 2, 4, 7, 11 and 14days of drying. Intriguingly, the obtained results enabled the identification of the three main stages in the traditional production of salchichón. Formulation, fermentation and drying-ripening periods showed distinct and characteristic metabolomic profiles. Compositional changes related to microbial activity, as well as proteolytic and lipolytic phenomena, decisive steps in such a ripening process, could be monitored through the NMR spectra. This study shows the potential of 1H HR-MAS as a rapid method for probing metabolomic profiles and compositional changes during sausages processing.

Actualización en Patología Infecciosa 2016 / Update in Infectious Diseases 2016

La resistencia a los antimicrobianos incrementa su impacto sanitario, social y económico. A todos los niveles (estatal, autonómico y local) surgen iniciativas para poder contener el problema de las resistencias. La actualización de este año 2016, estudia aspectos microbiológicos, epidemiológicos y clínicos de las bacterias multirresistentes, así como los recursos para su abordaje terapéutico, desde los fármacos antiguos hasta los modernos, desde las combinaciones terapéuticas hasta la optimización con programas de stewarship. Desde el punto de vista de la infección fúngica se plantean escenarios con nuevas especies de levaduras o nuevos contextos clínicos en hongos filamentosos. En el ámbito pediátrico se analizan homologías y diferencias con la Infección fúngica invasiva del adulto. Por último, en el ámbito de la parasitología, se revisa el tratamiento de la malaria grave importada o el de aquella resistente a antipalúdicos (AU)

Antimicrobial resistance increases it health, social and economic impact. in all areas (state, regional and local), initiatives to try to contain the problem of resistance arise. In the update of this year 2016, we study microbiological, epidemiological and clinical aspects of multi-resistant bacteria, as well as resources for therapeutic approach, from ancient to modern drugs from therapeutic combinations to optimization Stewardship programs. In the case of fungal infection, we analyze clinical scenarios with different species in yeast or new clinical settings in filamentous fungi. Taking paediatric population, homologies and differences with adults in invasive fungal infection were compared. Finally in the field of parasitology, treatment of severe malaria imported or that resistant to antimalarial drugs were reviewed (AU)

[Update in Infectious Diseases 2015]. / Actualización en Patología Infecciosa 2015.

Infectious disease remains current worldwide. During the second half of 2014 an outbreak of ebolavirus hit West Africa with implications in the rest of the world. In fact, Spain declared the first imported case of this infection. Multiresistant enterobacteria outbreaks are emerging all around the world in a moment on which WHO draws attention to the limited resources, coining the term "post antibiotic era". On the other hand, 2014 went down in history as one in which hepatitis C is cured. Are also current HIV epidemiological control or strategies for antiviral and antifungal prophylaxis in immunocompromised hosts.

Actualización en Patología Infecciosa 2015 / Update in Infectious Diseases 2015

La patología infecciosa continúa estando de actualidad en el mundo. La segunda mitad de 2014 un brote de ebolavirus azotó África occidental con implicaciones en el resto del mudo, de hecho, en España se declaró el primer caso importado de esta infección. En los hospitales de todo el mundo emergen brotes de enterobacterias multirresistentes en un momento en el que la OMS llama la atención sobre los limitados recursos, acuñando el término de 'era postantibiotica'. Sin embargo, el ultimo año pasará a la historia de la medicina como aquel en el que se curó la hepatitis C. Continúan estando de actualidad la dificultad en el control epidemiológico de la transmisión del VIH o las estrategias para la profilaxis antivírica o antifúngica en el paciente inmunosuprimido (AU)

Infectious disease remains current worldwide. During the second half of 2014 an outbreak of ebolavirus hit West Africa with implications in the rest of the world. In fact, Spain declared the first imported case of this infection. Multiresistant enterobacteria outbreaks are emerging all around the world in a moment on which WHO draws attention to the limited resources, coining the term 'post antibiotic era'. On the other hand, 2014 went down in history as one in which hepatitis C is cured. Are also current HIV epidemiological control or strategies for antiviral and antifungal prophylaxis in immunocompromised hosts (AU)

Proteolysis process in fermented sausage model systems as studied by NMR relaxometry.

Proton NMR relaxation analyses were performed in sausage model systems (SMS) at different manufacturing times (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days) to evaluate changes in water distribution and mobility. Three different water populations were identified, T2b (5-10 ms), T21 (30-70 ms), and T22 (100-300 ms), and the progress of ripening could be followed as a shift toward shorter relaxation times. In addition, the combined effect of adding commercial proteases (Pronase E and aspartyl proteinase) on protein breakdown and structural integrity of sausage models (SMS+P) was investigated, resulting in the formation of a more fluid and less organized meat matrix that led to changes in water populations T2b2 and T22 compared with SMS. A very different protein degradation pattern between SMS and SMS+P was observed by means of SDS-PAGE and fluorescamine assay, supporting that some degree of protein aggregation is needed for the presence of the T22 population in fermented sausages.

Repercusión en nuestra unidad del cambio de vía de administración de Epoetinum Alfa / The repercussion in our unit of a change in the form of administration of Epoetinum Alpha

Tras la publicación de la nota informativa de la Agencia Española del Medicamento, donde se contraindica la vía subcutánea para la administración de epoetinum alfa, en nuestra unidad cambiamos la vía de administración a intravenosa y diseñamos este estudio, donde se pretende comprobar las diferencias existentes entre ambas vías de administración. Realizamos un estudio prospectivo aleatorio de 24 semanas de duración a un total de 54 pacientes en programa de HD, que recibían dos inyecciones semanales por vía subcutánea y pasaron a prescripción de la misma dosis de epoetinum alfa por vía intravenosa, mediante 3 dosis semanales. Se monitorizaron a la 8, 16 y 24 semana del estudio los siguientes parámetros: dosis administradas, hemoglobina, ferritina sérica, número de administraciones semanales y coste del tratamiento según el precio de venta libre del producto e incluyendo el costo del trabajo de enfermería. Los resultados obtenidos confirman la menor eficacia de la vía de administración intravenosa de epoetinum alfa con respecto a la vía subcutánea. Produciéndose un aumento en las dosis administradas y en su frecuencia de administración semanal, para el tratamiento y mantenimiento de la anemia, incrementando con ello el coste del tratamiento (AU)

Following the publication of the informative note of the Agencia Española del Medicamento (Spanish Agency of Medicine), which does not recommend the use of the subcutaneous path in administering Epoetinum alpha, in our unit we changed the form of administration to intravenous and drew up this study, where we intended to check the differences between both forms of administration. We carried out a 24-week random prospective study on a total 54 patients on an HD programme, who received two injections a week subcutaneously and went over to a prescription of the same dose of epoetinum alpha intravenously, with 3 doses a week. In week 8, 16 and 24 of the study, the following parameters were monitored: doses administered, haemoglobin, serum ferritin, weekly number of administrations and the cost of the treatment according to the free sale price of the product and including the cost of the nursing work. The results achieved confirm the lesser effectiveness of the intravenous administration of epoetinum alpha with respect to the subcutaneous, causing an increase in the doses administered and the weekly administration frequency for the treatment and maintenance of the anaemia, thus increasing the cost of the treatment (AU)